The paper presents an inverted dilacerated mesiodens which had crossed over the permanent incisor to form a characteristic hook-like tooth thus exhibiting an uncommon occurrence.

CDC (Center for Disease Control & prevention), who proposed Universal Precautions, states that “Treat each patient as potentially risk”. Therefore, it is our basic responsibility to control the spread of such devastating diseases by following infection control measures.

To assess the various personal protective measures adapted by dental practitioners in Agra city and to know how many dentists are vaccinated against Hepatitis B for prevention of the spread of this disease.

The study included response using questionnaire from 150 dental practitioners from Agra city, chosen by random sampling. Questions were related to their personal protective measures employed by the dental practitioners and information about their prophylaxis against Hepatitis B was also obtained.

Among the dental practitioners, 80% were males. Approximately 82% of the dental practitioners were vaccinated against HBV. Only 6% followed the CDC recommendations for hand washing practices, and about 64% dental practitioners gave wrong answers related to droplet infection.

Lack of awareness regarding universal precautions proposed by CDC is observed among dental practitioners. There is a great need for creating awareness among dental practitioners.

Presence of fluoride in water is known to cause many crippling diseases either by its insufficient or excess intake.

To compare the fluoride and TDS concentration in municipal water supply and packaged drinking water sold in Mathura city.

Total five water samples of packaged drinking water and ten samples of municipal water were collected from pumping stations of Mathura city. Fluoride concentration was determined by modified alizarin method, TDS was estimated by TDS meter. The student t test was used to compare the mean fluoride concentration of municipal water and packaged drinking water.

The mean fluoride concentration of packaged drinking water and municipal water supply was 0.16 mg/L, 0.64 mg/L respectively. The difference between the mean of two samples was found to be statistically significant.

The fluoride concentration was low in both municipal water and packaged drinking water. TDS was in permissible range in packaged drinking water and unsatisfactory in municipal water.

Computers have become an integral component of dentistry finding application in both patient care and dental education. Few studies have been conducted to assess the use of computers in the field of dentistry in India. The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge, skills, practice and attitudes of post graduate dental students towards the use of computers in dentistry.

A self administered questionnaire was distributed among the post graduate dental students of KLE University, Belgaum, India. 68 out of 82 students responded, the data was analyzed and represented as frequency and percentage.

Most of the students acquired knowledge about computer through informal training. Internet use was very high among the students. They could perform basic operations on computer but faced problem in some advanced functions like hardware maintenance, software installation, use of spreadsheets and photo editing. 73.5% used computer in both home and college. More than 75% owned their own computer. Only 41.2% felt they were well trained to use computers. More than 90% believed that computer education should be a part of dental curriculum.

Though computers in being extensively used by the post graduate dental students, they lack formal training and feel the need for the same. Computer training will be helpful in creating better dental professionals.

Purpose of the study was to compare the microleakage in class II cavities using Horizontal oblique increment (G1), Centripetal oblique increment (G2) and Oblique increment (G3), techniques

To determine ideal incremental placement technique in restoring class II cavity.

Class II cavities were prepared in 45 extracted permanent molars. The teeth were restored with nanohybrid composite (Ceram X) and bonding with adhesive systems (Xeno V). Microleakage evaluated after thermocycling of the specimens.

ANOVA test at the 0.05 level of significance.

Mean microleakage score of group G1, G2 and G3 was 2.86 ± 1.43, 1.86 ± 1.65 and 2.46 ± 1.50 respectively.

None of the insertion techniques used in this study was able to prevent microleakage, though the lowest microleakage values were obtained when the centripetal oblique technique was used.

To evaluate and compare the time dependent dimensional accuracy of polyvinyl siloxane impressions.

A brass master die containing two identical posts simulating two complete crown tapered abutment preparation was served as a standardized master model. Impressions were made with polyvinyl siloxane materials (monophase and regular body) using a brass made custom tray. The impressions were poured at intervals of 75 min, 24 hours, 48 hours and 1 week, Interabutment and intraabutment distance were measured in the recovered stone dies using a profile projector with an accuracy of 0.001mm.

Results of this study indicated that the casts made were dimensionally accurate and the polyvinyl siloxane silicones are dimensionally stable impressions for one week period.

Delayed pouring of the impressions at four different time periods did not significantly affect the accuracy of the casts produced.

The aim of this study was to determine the pattern and prevalence of tooth loss amongst community dwelling adults in a suburban area of Lagos.

A questionnaire based study was carried out in a community in Lagos, Nigeria. Causes, pattern and factors affecting tooth loss were elucidated.

Prevalence of adults with at least one missing tooth was 33.6%. More than half (64.1%) of the respondents had lost their teeth for more than 5 years. Tooth loss (42.3%) was more in the lower posterior region. There was a significant association of tooth loss to increasing age, previous visit to the dentist and gender. The males had 38.7% tooth loss in the anterior region while females had more tooth loss in the posterior region.

Prevalence of tooth loss was high. Tooth loss was more in the males. A higher percentage of tooth loss was found amongst the elderly.

It is essential that clinicians have a thorough understanding of the interplay between root canal microflora and the endodontic disease processes in order to develop an effective rationale for treatment. Newer information on endodontic micro flora improves our ability to effectively debride and disinfect the root canal system and manage infections of endodontic origin. New molecular based techniques have been introduced thus bringing about a massive change in procedures for microbial identification. This knowledge can be put into practical use resulting in improvements in the quality of treatment offered to our patients. This review focuses on the microflora in primary and root-filled canals of deciduous and permanent teeth.

The practise of dentistry involves working with patients, who come to us with specific dental problem with a blind faith in us. It is very important that we dentists see our patients as human beings first and not just as a set of teeth. It is rightly said, “Mouth is a Mirror of the Health”. Many of the oral diseases are also associated with systemic conditions including stress, diabetes, genetic disorders or age related diseases. Care should be also emphasized on the surrounding environment which equally contributes to the health of the patient.

The aim of this article is to create awareness on the human aspect of our patients, to look beyond teeth and the things we can do to care for our patients as a whole and also the environment.

Pyogenic granuloma is a reactive lesion. It usually arises in response to various stimuli such as low-grade local irritation, traumatic injury, hormonal factors, or certain kinds of drugs hyperplasia of connective tissue in response to local irritants. Gingiva is the most common site affected followed by buccal mucosa, tongue and lips. It is a tumourlike growth of the oral cavity, frequently located surrounding the anterior teeth Histologically, the surface epithelium may be intact, or may show foci of ulcerations or even exhibiting hyperkeratosis. Pyogenic granuloma should be excised along with the base and its causative factors. This paper presents a case of a pyogenic granuloma managed by surgical intervention.

The success of root canal treatment is based on total elimination of root canal content, thorough cleaning, shaping and obturation of root canal system. Calcium hydroxide is recommended as intra-canal medicament because of its antibacterial properties, tissue dissolving ability, inhibition of tooth resorption and indication of tissue repair by hard tissue formation. The present case series highlights the use of calcium hydroxide as an inter appointment endodontic dressing for management of large periapical radiolucency and periodically reviewed. Thus the non surgical healing of large periapical lesions provided favourable clinical and radiographic response.

The loss of anterior teeth can be psychologically and socially damaging to the patient. Tooth loss in the esthetic zone of the anterior region can be due to trauma, periodontal disease or endodontic failure. Replacement can be provisional, semi provisional or permanent in nature. Depending upon multiple factors, a treatment module is decided upon by dentist and the patient. The start of the definitive treatment depends on many factors and thus may require short to long temporization. Final restoration can vary between removable prosthesis, tooth supported prosthesis or implant supported prosthesis. Irrespective of the final treatment, first line of treatment would be to provisionally restore the patient's esthetic appearance while functionally stabilizing the compromised arch. This article highlights a simple and fast method to replace a periodontally compromised tooth by utilizing natural tooth pontic (NTP) (bonded with resin composite and reinforced by plasma-treated woven polyethylene fibers).

Neuroendocrine tumors are rare in head and neck region, while larynx is the most common site of presentation where they represent 0.5-1.0% of epithelial tumor, whereas only few cases of small cell neuroendocrine tumor of base of tongue has been reported so far. A 56-year old male presented with growth base of tongue. After through investigations the growth confirmed as a case of poorly differentiated high grade small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and was clinically labeled as stage III (T3N0M0). The patient was treated with radiotherapy and combination chemotherapy. Presently the patient is having stable disease without any symptoms.

Fracture of anterior teeth is a very common form of dental injuries among children and young adolescents. Various treatment modalities have been practiced in past but reattachment of fractured fragment is considered to be most conservative, natural and esthetic approach. The restoration of natural teeth form, color and alignment in these patients create a positive social and emotional response in such patients. This article discusses a case of 16 year old female patient with fractured right central incisor(ellis class 3 fracture). Reattachment of fractured fragment was done after single sitting endodontic treatment with bonding system and dual cure composite resin cement. Evaluation at 1 year yields good reattachment, intact post, good esthetics and good periodontal health.